Owner-Operator Tax Deduction Guide

    Essential tax deductions, per diem rates, and record-keeping tips for carriers and owner-operators.

    Common Deductible Expenses

    These are typical business expenses that carriers and owner-operators may deduct from their taxes.

    Fuel Expenses

    All fuel costs for business operations, including diesel and DEF.

    Maintenance & Repairs

    Routine maintenance, repairs, tires, oil changes, and roadside assistance.

    Insurance Premiums

    Liability, cargo, physical damage, and occupational accident insurance.

    Lease/Rental Payments

    Truck and trailer lease payments, equipment rentals.

    Licensing & Permits

    CDL fees, IFTA permits, IRP registration, oversize/overweight permits.

    Tolls & Parking

    Highway tolls, weigh station fees, truck parking, and lumper fees.

    Communication

    Cell phone, GPS/ELD subscriptions, satellite radio for business use.

    Professional Services

    Accounting, legal fees, tax preparation, and dispatch services.

    Per Diem Allowances

    Transportation workers can deduct a per diem allowance for meals and incidental expenses while away from home.

    Tax YearFull Day RatePartial Day (75%)Notes
    2024$69/day$51.75 (75%)For travel within continental US
    2023$69/day$51.75 (75%)For travel within continental US

    Key Per Diem Rules:

    • Must be away from your tax home overnight to qualify
    • Use partial per diem (75%) for first and last day of travel
    • Keep a log of days away from home with dates and locations
    • Per diem replaces actual meal receipts - you don't need to save meal receipts
    • The 80% deduction rule applies to transportation workers (vs. 50% for other businesses)
    • Cannot claim per diem if employer provides meals or meal allowance

    Calculate Your Per Diem Deduction

    Use our free per diem calculator to estimate your annual deduction based on days away from home.

    Depreciation Rules

    Understanding how to depreciate your truck, trailer, and equipment for tax purposes.

    Asset TypeMethodRecovery PeriodNotes
    Semi-Truck (New)MACRS5 yearsMay qualify for Section 179
    Semi-Truck (Used)MACRS5 yearsMay qualify for Section 179
    TrailerMACRS5 yearsMay qualify for Section 179
    Computer/ELDMACRS5 yearsOften fully deductible Year 1
    Office EquipmentMACRS5-7 yearsDepends on equipment type

    Record-Keeping Best Practices

    Proper documentation is essential for claiming deductions and surviving an IRS audit.

    Documents to Keep:

    Fuel receipts with date, location, gallons, and total cost
    Maintenance and repair invoices
    Trip logs with miles driven, origin, destination, and purpose
    Toll receipts and records
    Insurance policy documents and payment records
    Lease/loan payment statements
    Permit and registration receipts
    Settlement statements from carriers
    Bank and credit card statements
    Per diem log with dates away from home

    How Long to Keep Records:

    General tax records3 years minimum
    Employment tax records4 years minimum
    Property/depreciation recordsUntil asset sold + 3 years
    If income underreported by 25%+6 years

    Quick Reference Checklist

    Use this checklist when preparing for tax season.

    Before Tax Season

    Gather all fuel receipts or fuel card statements
    Compile maintenance and repair invoices
    Total up per diem days from trip logs
    Calculate total business miles driven
    Organize insurance payment records
    Collect lease/loan payment statements

    During Tax Season

    Review depreciation schedules with CPA
    Determine Section 179 election
    Verify per diem calculations
    Confirm all deductions are documented
    File quarterly estimated taxes if needed
    Schedule follow-up with tax professional